skoool.ph - sophomore

Here are some of skoool's great Maths and Science lessons

Artificial Immunity

Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air

Group 0 Elements - Properties and Uses

Simultaneous Equations

Comets

Science II (Biology)

Science II focuses on concepts and processes about the life of earth's living creatures. It examines their anatomy and the inner workings of their parts and their interactions with other creatures. The course helps students appreciate how nature works, even those which are beyond the sight of the human eye.

The subject studies the major themes of cell structure and function, life energy, organ systems, reproduction, genetics, evolution, biodiversity, and the different ecosystems.

:: Cells and Cell Functions

1. Organisation in Living Things

Learn what forms tissues and organs and know some examples.

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2. Cell Structure and Function

Learn the names and functions of some of the structures found in plant and animal cells..

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3. Plant Cells

Learn the names and functions of structures found in plant cells.

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4. Specialised Plant and Animal Cells

Understand how different cells are adapted for their functions.

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5. Specialised Cells in the Breathing System

Understand how different cells are adapted for their functions.

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6. Cell Fertilisation

Learn that fertilisation in humans and flowering plants is the fusion of a male and a female cell.

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7. Organ Systems

Understand that different organs work together in an organ system, and learn the functions of different organ systems in the human body.

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8. Preparing Slides of Plant Cells

Learn how to prepare a slide of onion cells.

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9. Preparing Slides of Animal Cells

Learn how to prepare a slide of human cheek cells.

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10. Using a Microscope

Learn how to use a microscope correctly.

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:: Humans As Organisms

1. A Balanced Diet

Learn the names and sources of food types needed in a balanced diet and the different uses of food in the body.

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2. Malnutrition

Learn about malnutrition and give some examples of diseases caused by malnutrition.

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3. Food Tests

Learn how to carry out chemical tests to identify starch, sugar, protein and fat in food samples.

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4. Digestion Experiments 1

Learn that enzymes digest foods so that they can be absorbed into the blood.

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5. Digestion Experiments 2

Understand that enzymes work best at a specific pH.

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6. Enzymes and Digestion

Learn the properties of enzymes and know that some enzymes are involved in the digestion of foods.

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7. Egestion

Learn that water is reabsorbed from undigested food in the large intestine before it forms waste faeces that are egested.

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8. The Female Reproductive System

Learn the structure and function of the female reproductive organs.

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9. The Male Reproductive System

Learn the structure and function of the male reproductive organs.

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10. Puberty

Learn that changes in hormone concentrations result in the development of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.

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11. The Menstrual Cycle

Learn about the changes that occur in a woman's body during the menstrual cycle.

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12. Sexual Intercourse

Learn what happens during sexual intercourse.

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13. Human Fertilisation

Learn that fertilisation is the fusion of the egg and sperm nuclei, and know what happens to the egg after fertilisation.

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14. Pregnancy

Understand the functions of the placenta and amniotic fluid during pregnancy.

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15. Birth

Learn what happens during the birth of a baby.

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16. Respiration

Learn that aerobic respiration is a chemical reaction that occurs in cells to release energy from glucose. Learn the word equation that represents it.

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17. Comparing Respiration and Burning

Understand the differences between aerobic respiration and burning.

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18. Adaptations of the Alveoli

Understand how the lungs are adapted for efficient gas exchange.

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19. The Respiratory System

Learn the structure and function of the respiratory system.

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20. Mucous Membrane

Learn how the mucous membrane lining the respiratory system helps to prevent infection.

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21. Gas Exchange

Learn that gas exchange is the absorption of oxygen from the air into the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood.

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22. Experiments to Compare Inhaled Air and Exhaled Air

Learn how to compare inhaled and exhaled air.

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23. Differences between Inhaled and Exhaled Air

Understand the differences between inhaled and exhaled air.

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24. Breathing

Learn how the lungs are ventilated by breathing.

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25. Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke

Learn some effects that the different chemicals in cigarette smoke can have on the body.

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26. Effects of Smoking on the Lungs

Learn how smoking cigarettes can damage the breathing system.

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27. The Circulatory System

Learn the names of the different types of blood vessels, and that substances are exchanged between the blood and cells at capillary walls.

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28. The Heart as a Double Pump

Learn and understand that the heart is a double pump.

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29. Temperature and Enzymes

Understand how temperature affects enzyme activity.

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30. pH and Enzymes

Understand how pH affects enzyme activity.

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31. Structure of the Heart

Learn the basic structure of the heart.

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32. Composition of the Blood

Learn the components of blood and understand that many substances are transported dissolved in the plasma.

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33. Defence Against Disease

Understand how microbes can enter the body and how the body tries to prevent this from happening.

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34. Micro-Organisms

Learn the different types of microbes that can cause disease.

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35. White Blood Cells

Learn how the white blood cells defend the body against disease.

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36. Blood Plasma

Learn about some of the substances transported in the plasma.

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37. Transport of Gases

Learn how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported around the body.

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38. Vaccines

Learn that immunisations and medicines can be used to help the body fight infections.

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:: Green Plants as Organisms

1. Photosynthesis

Learn that plants make food by photosynthesis and the word equation that represents it.

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2. The Role of the Leaf in Photosynthesis

Learn that the leaf is the organ where photosynthesis occurs and understand how it is adapted for its function.

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3. Rate of Photosynthesis

Learn how to measure the rate of photosynthesis and understand what factors affect it.

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4. Testing a Leaf for Starch

Learn how to test a leaf for starch.

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5. Experiments to see if Chlorophyll and Light are Needed to Make Starch

Learn that chlorophyll and light are needed for a plant to make starch.

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6. The Uses of Glucose

Learn that the glucose made during photosynthesis can be respired or changed into a variety of chemicals by combining with other elements.

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7. Plant Mineral Requirements

Understand that nitrogen and other elements, in addition to carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, are required for plant growth.

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8. Water and Mineral Salt Uptake

Learn that root hair cells absorb water and mineral salts from the soil, and understand how they are adapted for this function.

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9. Differences Between Photosynthesis and Respiration

Learn the differences between photosynthesis and respiration.

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10. Plant Organs

Learn the names and functions of some plant organs.

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:: Living Things in The Environment

1. Organ Systems at Work

Understand that different organ systems work together in a healthy organism.

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2. Interdependence

Learn how different organisms within a community depend on each other for their survival.

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3. Habitats

Learn how different habitats have different features which determine the organisms that can live there.

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4. Studying Habitats

Understand the observations and measurements that need to be made when studying a habitat.

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5. Adaptations and Survival

Learn how different organisms are adapted to survive in their habitat.

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6. Seasonal Changes in Population Size

Understand how some organisms are adapted to survive seasonal changes in their habitats.

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7. Competition for Resources

Understand that plants and animals will compete with each other if resources are limited.

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8. Population Size

Understand that the size of a population depends on the resources and space available, predators and disease.

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9. Sampling Technique

Learn different methods of collecting animals in the wild.

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10. Using a Quadrat

Learn how to use a quadrat to estimate a plant population size.

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:: Digestion

1. A Balanced Diet

An overview of the food groups that form a balanced diet.

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2. Digestion Experiments

Here are some important experiments related to digestion.

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3. Digestion - Part 1

An introduction to digestion.

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4. Digestion - Part 2

Learn how food is broken down in the stomach.

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5. Digestion - Part 3

Learn about enzymes.

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6. Food Tests

Methods used to test the existence of various substances found in food.

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7. Malnutrition

Learn about causes and effects of malnutrition.

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:: Breathing and Respiration

1. Aerobic Respiration

Find out what aerobic respiration is and its comparison with combustion.

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2. Anaerobic Respiration

Find out what anaerobic respiration is, and its effects during exercise.

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3. Breathing And Respiration

Learn about the importance of breathing.

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4. Fermentation

Learn about fermentation and how it is used to produce foods such as bread.

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5. Gas Exchange

Learn how oxygen and carbon dioxide is transported around the body.

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6. Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air

An overview of the gases found in inhaled and exhaled air.

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7. Respiration Overview

An introduction to the process of respiration.

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8. Respiration in Plants

Find out about the respiration process in plants.

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9. Smoking

A warning about the harmful effects of smoking.

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:: Blood and Circulation

1. Artificial Immunity

Find out ways we can protect our bodies from diseases and infections.

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2. The Components of Blood

Learn about the roles of the various components of blood.

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3. The Role Of Blood

The importance of blood in the human body.

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4. The Circulatory System

An overview of the body's circulatory system.

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5. Defense Mechanisms

How the body defends itself from disease.

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